1. The future (die Zukunft)
a. Expressing the future in german - Future I (Futur I)
o it is fomed with the help of the auxiliary verb "werden" (to become) + the infinitive form of the verb we want to conjugate
- it is the most common way to express actions that will happen in the future
- first of all we need to learn the conjugation of the verb "werden"
werden = to become (în viitor) | |
1st person singular | ich werde = I will |
2nd person singular | du wirst = you will |
3rd person singular | er, sie, es wird = he, she, it will |
1st person plural | wir werden = we will |
2nd person plural | ihr werdet = you will |
3rd person plural | sie, Sie werden = they will / you will (polite pronoun) |
spielen = to play
”werden” + infinitive form of verb
”werden” + spielen
spielen = to play | |
1st person singular | ich werde spielen = I will play |
2nd person singular | du wirst spielen = you will play |
3rd person singular | er, sie, es wird spielen = he she is will play |
1st person plural | wir werden spielen = we will play |
2nd person plural | ihr werdet spielen = you will play |
3rd person plural | sie, Sie werden spielen = they eill play / you will play (polite pronoun) |
The same way for all verbs (both regular and irregular)
b. Exepressing the future in german - future II (Futur II)
o it is not used in everyday speaking
o we use it when we talk about an event wich will happen and end in the future
o it is fomed with "werden" + "haben" or "sein" + the past participle form of the verb we want to conjugate
Let's conjugate a verb with ”haben” in future II:
”werden” + past participle of the verb + ”haben”
bauen = to construct
”werden” + ”ge-” + bauen + ”-t” + ”haben”
bauen = to construct | |
1st person singular | ich werde gebaut haben = I will have constructed |
2nd person singular | du wirst gebaut haben = you will have constructed |
3rd person singular | er, sie, es wird gebaut haben = he, she, it will have constructed |
1st person plural | wir werden gebaut haben = we will have constructed |
2nd person plural | ihr werdet gebaut haben = you will have constructed |
3rd person plural | sie, Sie werden gebaut haben = they will have costructed / you will have constructed (polite pronoun) |
Let's conjugate a verb with ”sein” in future II:
”werden” + past participle of the verb + ”sein”
baden = to bathe
”werden” + ”ge-” + baden + ”-t” + ”sein”
baden = to bathe | |
1st person singular | ich werde gebadet sein = I will have bathed |
2nd person singular | du wirst gebadet sein = you will have bathed |
3rd person singular | er, sie, es wird gebadet sein =he, she it will have bathed |
1st person plural | wir werden gebadet sein = we will have bathed |
2nd person plural | ihr werdet gebadet sein = you will have bathed |
3rd person plural | sie, Sie werden gebadet sein = they will have bathed / you will have bathed (polite pronoun) |
Note! In the case of irregular verbs (future II) a change of vowel is taking place in the root of the verb and the past participle verb is constructed by adding the prefix "ge-" and the ending "-en".
Example:
gehen = to walk
”werden” + ”ge-” + gang + ”-en” + ”sein”
vowel change: e → a
gehen = to walk | |
1st person singular | ich werde gegangen sein = I will have walked |
2nd person singular | du wirst gegangen sein = you will have walked |
3rd person singular | er, sie, es wird gegangen sein = he, she, it will have walked |
1st person plural | wir werden gegangen sein = we will have walked |
2nd person plural | ihr werdet gegangen sein = you will have walked |
3rd person plural | sie, Sie werden gegangen sein = they will have walked / you will have walked (polite pronoun) |
Sie with capital "S" is a polite pronoun, we use it when we adress to older people, or to people we respect | |